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These Property List files contain keyed settings which determine what launchd does with what. LaunchAgents do have access to the GUI, and to other system features such as locating the current user’s Home folder, but generally have more limited interfaces than do regular apps. Specifically, LaunchDaemons are not allowed to connect to the macOS window server.
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If software does need to install one or more Property Lists in any of these folders, then it should also provide an effective uninstaller to remove them when required.Īpple defines a LaunchDaemon as a general background service, without any form of GUI. Uninstalling a LaunchAgent or LaunchDaemon is simply a matter of trashing its Property List from the appropriate folder – a task sometimes necessary when you’ve uninstalled an app which doesn’t clean up properly after itself. It’s also widely abused by malware, which often installs its own LaunchAgents and LaunchDaemons to ensure its persistence across reboots, and to perform services which it requires. You don’t need any tools beyond a Property List or text editor to craft its configuration files, although Peter Borg’s Lingon and Soma-zone’s LaunchControl make them much more accessible. Launchd is best suited to background services, which use it the most. Once you have logged in, launchd runs any services and other components specified in any LaunchAgent folder in ~/Library. As they’re run before the user logs in, they work for all users, so provide global services. Those in /System/Library are all part of macOS, owned by Apple, and now (macOS 11 and later) can’t be modified without unsealing the system, but those in /Library include many installed by third party products.
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During startup, once the kernel is running and required kernel extensions have been loaded, launchd is run with the process ID of 1, and it remains running until your Mac shuts down again.īefore you log in, launchd runs services and other components which are specified in Property List files in the LaunchAgents and LaunchDaemons folders in /System/Library, then in /Library.
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Mac OS X 10.4 brought together the functions of a disparate group of Unix tools, including (x)inetd, init, and watchdogd, into a single service manager launchd, which is controlled by launchctl. For general purposes, including running tasks which must occur at regular intervals, the primary mechanism is launchd, with its control tool launchctl. LaunchServices also offers Login Items, but those are only launched once, when your Mac starts up. Although long since deprecated, the standard Unix scheduler cron is still available if you really must. MacOS has several systems for running software automatically, of which three are accessible outside other apps and therefore suitable for running scripts of different kinds.
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